Environmental problems of industrial and organic poultry farming
نویسندگان
چکیده
Poultry farming, using modern intensive farming methods, is one of the most efficient livestock industries that ensures food security for a large part world’s population. In context industrial poultry largest share global production (up to 98 % meat and 92 eggs) accounted by broiler chickens (to lesser extent, turkeys, ducks, geese, etc.), as well eggs obtained from egg crosses chickens. The estimated at 137.8 million tons 86.3 metric in 2021, with steady growth every year. Taking into account wishes consumers, European countries are increasingly switching organic products, believing this way they can best meet consumer requirements based on three main dimensions quality assessment: 1) safety housing; 2) products human health; 3) environment. Improvement housing conditions aimed extensive systems, such free-range systems lower stocking densities. Such becoming popular, especially Union, improving welfare, reducing environmental impact increasing sustainability industry. However, both methods lead significant impacts health Wastes manure used litter associated ammonia, nitrogen oxide methane emissions contribute greenhouse gas pose serious threat environment health. waste contain pesticide residues, pathogens, pharmaceuticals (antibiotics), hormones, metals, macronutrients (in wrong proportions) other pollutants air, soil water pollution, formation multidrug-resistant strains. analysis shows be more controlled than terms safety. Key words: conditions, safety, soil, pollutants.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2310-9289', '2415-7635']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2023-178-1-145-158